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摘要: 水产养殖动物疾病的发生日益频繁, 给整个行业造成了巨大的经济损失。口服疫苗可以有效预防疾病的发生, 同时不会造成应激反应, 更适用于水产动物疾病的预防。芽孢杆菌是水产中常用益生菌, 能够形成抗逆性强的芽孢, 芽孢能够被用来构建芽孢表面展示系统, 进而成为抗原呈递的理想平台。因而, 利用芽孢表面展示口服疫苗并将抗原稳定地呈递到肠道, 发挥更加高效的免疫性能的研究受到了越来越多的关注。文章综述了芽孢杆菌芽孢和感受态, 以及芽孢表面展示系统, 此外, 还特别概述了芽孢作为口服疫苗载体在预防水产动物细菌病、病毒病和寄生虫病方面的研究与应用, 以期为水产养殖动物高效稳定口服疫苗的开发提供参考。Abstract: The occurrence of diseases in aquaculture animals is becoming more and more frequent, resulting in substantial economic losses for the entire industry. Oral vaccines offer an effective prevent disease prevention without causing a stress response, making them particularly well-suitable for safeguarding aquatic animal health. Bacillus, a common probiotic in aquaculture, is capable of forming spores with strong stress resistance, which can be used to construct a spore surface display system as an ideal platform for antigen presentation. Therefore, the use of spore surfaces to display oral vaccines and stably deliver antigens to the intestine has attracted more and more attention. We reviewed the spore, Bacillus competence, and the spore surface display system. In addition, this article focuses on the research and application of spores as oral vaccine vectors in the prevention of bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in aquatic animals. It aims to serve as a valuable reference for the development of efficient and stable oral vaccines for aquaculture animals.
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Key words:
- Spore surface display system /
- Spore /
- Oral vaccine /
- Aquatic animal diseases
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图 2 基因重组法构建芽孢表面展示系统示意图
Figure 2. Schematic representation of spore surface display system constructed by genetic recombination strategy
表 1 芽孢表面展示系统在水产疫苗研发中的研究进展
Table 1. Research progress of spore surface display systems in aquatic vaccine development
病原体
Pathogenic agent宿主菌
B. subtilis目的蛋白
Target protein锚定蛋白
Anchor protein连接肽及融合方式
Linker peptide and fusion mode表达载体
Expression vector参考文献
Reference无乳链球菌
Streptococcus agalactiaeGC5 Sip CotC (GGGGS)3
C端融合PamyE [96] 弧菌Vibrio 168 OmpK CotY C、N端融合 pDG364 [19] 白斑综合征病毒
White Spot Syndrome Virus168 VP28 CotB
CotCC端融合 pMutin 4 [114] DB431
BB80VP26
VP28CotC C端融合 pDG1662 [115] PY79 VP28 CotB — pDG364 [93] PY79 VP28 CotB — — [116] 草鱼呼肠孤病毒
Grass Carp ReovirusWB600 VP4 CotC — PEB03 [101] WB600 VP4 CotC C端融合 PEB03 [102] GC5 VP4
NS38CotC (GGGGS)3 — [103] 168 VP7 CotB
CotCC端融合 pJS1956
pJS1985[104] WB600 VP56 CotC C端融合 pHT304 [105] 大口黑鲈蛙虹彩病毒
Largemouth Bass VirusWB600 MCP CotC — PEB03 [111] 神经坏死病毒
Nervous Necrosis VirusWB600 MCP CotC C端融合 PEB03 [20] 华支睾吸虫
Clonorchis sinensisWB600 CsENO CotC — PEB03 [123] WB600 CsCP CotC — PEB03 [121] WB600 CsPmy CotC — — [18] 注: “—”表示文章中未提及Note: “—” means not mentioned in the article 
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