SITUATIONS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES OF FISH RESOURCES IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN
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摘要: 长江是我国第一大河流, 同时也是我国鱼类资源最为丰富的河流。然而, 由于近几十年来人类活动的加剧, 长江流域鱼类资源急剧衰退, 主要表现为物种濒危程度日益加剧、标志性物种种群规模急剧下降、捕捞产量持续降低和渔获物小型化趋势明显等。造成长江流域鱼类资源衰减的因素是多方面的, 包括过度捕捞、水工程建设、湖泊围垦、水污染和外来种入侵等。在“共抓大保护, 不搞大开发”的新形势下, 建议从建立自然保护区、全面禁止捕捞、实施生态修复、加强科学研究和建立流域统一管理机制等方面加强研究和监管。Abstract: The Yangtze River basin harbors a high degree of fish diversity, with 378 fish species distributing in the mainstream and its attached waters, and 149 of these species are endemic to this river. Meanwhile, the Yangtze River is an important fishery ground in China, contributing more than 60% of the total catch of freshwater fishery. Therefore, the Yangtze River plays important roles in both biodiversity conservation and capture fisheries. However, due to the increasing human activities in the past decades, fish resources in the Yangtze River have declined sharply. Firstly, more and more species have been assessed as threatened and the endangerment categories of many species have been upgraded. Secondly, the population size of many iconic species, such as Acipenser sinensis, the four famous Chinese carps and Coreius guichenoti, have declined continuously. Thirdly, the miniaturization tendencies of major fishing targets have become more and more obvious. Last but not the least, the total fishery catch reduced significantly. Overfishing, water projects construction, enclosing-lake cultivation, water pollution and alien invasion were the main reasons contributing to these changes. In most situations, these factors interacted together, which imposed more damage to the fish resources and increased the difficulty of conservation. In order to protect the fish resources in the Yangtze River effectively, following conservation strategies are suggested: establishing specialized nature reserve, banning commercial fishing completely, implementing river ecological restoration, strengthening scientific research and establishing comprehensive regulation mechanism.
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Key words:
- Overfishing /
- Water projects construction /
- Water pollution /
- Ecological restoration
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图 1 1998—2016年葛洲坝产卵场中华鲟繁殖种群规模(根据中国科学院水生生物研究所鱼类生态学与资源保护学科组历年监测数据绘制)
Figure 1. The breeding population size of Chinese sturgeon below the Gezhouba Dam from 1998 to 2016 (Data from the Ecology and Conservation Biology of Fishes Research Group, IHB, CAS)
图 2 1997—2016年长江中游监利断面“四大家鱼”鱼苗径流量(根据《长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报》历年数据绘制)
Figure 2. The breeding scale of the four major Chinese carps in Jianli section from 1997 to 2016 (Data from the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Bulletin of the TGP)
图 3 1997—2016年长江上游合江江段圆口铜鱼在渔获物中的重量百分比变化情况(根据中国科学院水生生物研究所鱼类生态学与资源保护学科组历年监测数据绘制)
Figure 3. The relative biomass of Coreius guichenoti in the Hejiang section from 1997 to 2016 (Data from the Ecology and Conservation Biology of Fishes Research Group, IHB, CAS)
图 4 1949—1985年长江流域六省一市渔业天然捕捞产量变化情况(根据《长江水系渔业资源》数据绘制, 1974—1977年数据空缺)
Figure 4. The total fishery catch of the Yangtze River basin from 1949 to 1985 (Data from 《Fishery Resources in the Yangtze River》)
图 5 1997—2016年三峡库区、坝下、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖及河口区渔业天然捕捞产量(根据《长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报》历年数据绘制)
Figure 5. The fishery catch of the Three Gorges Reservoir and its downstream as well as Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and estuary from 1997—2016 (Data from the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Bulletin of the TGP)
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