A preliminary study on fishery biology of Ceratoscopelus warmingii in the central and northern South China Sea
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摘要: 根据2014年和2015年在南海中北部海域中层拖网采集的尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)样本，对其体长和体质量组成、性比、性腺成熟度和摄食等级等生物学特性进行了初步分析。结果显示，尾明角灯鱼的体长为32~76 mm，优势体长组为45~60 mm，占总数的86.9%，平均体长为(51.47±6.60) mm；体质量为0.3~4.3 g，优势体质量组为1.0~2.5 g，占总数的91.1%，平均体质量为(1.6±0.61)g；雌雄个体大小不存在显著差异(ANOVA，P>0.05)；生长参数b为2.581，表明尾明角灯鱼为异速生长；雌雄性比为1.39 : 1，在不同月份、不同体长组中差异较大，10月和1月雌性比例远高于雄性；不同月份均有性成熟个体，性腺成熟度以Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期为主，性腺成熟比例最高为1月；初次性成熟体长为51.4 mm；摄食等级0~4级所占比例分别为10.8%、46%、33.9%、8.1%和1.3%。Abstract: Based on Ceratoscopelus warmingii samples collected by mid-water trawl in the central and northern South China Sea during 2014 and 2015, we investigated the biological characteristics including body length and weight composition, sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, feeding stage of C.warmingii. The body length ranged from 32 mm to 76 mm with an average of 51.47 mm. The dominant group of body length was 45~60 mm (86.9%). The range of body weight was 0.3 ~4.3 g with dominant group of 1.0~2.5 g (91.1%) and the average weight was 1.6 g. However, the body size had no significant difference between female and male. The growth parameter value of b was 2.581, and C.warmingii growth appeared allometry. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.39 : 1, and there was significant difference among different months and size-different groups. The ratio of female in the samples was higher than that of male in January and October. Gonad samples of C.warmingii appeared in all five months, mainly at StageⅠand StageⅡ. The maximum percentage of gonad maturity appeared in January. The length at 50% maturity was estimated as 51.4 mm. The feeding stage 0~4 accounted for 10.8%, 46%, 33.9%, 8.1% and 1.3% of the total number, respectively.
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图 2 尾明角灯鱼体长、体质量分布
Figure 2. Distribution of body length and body weight of C.warmingii
图 3 尾明角灯鱼体长与体质量关系
Figure 3. Relationship between body length and body weight of C.warmingii
图 5 尾明角灯鱼性比与体长关系
Figure 5. Relationship between sex ratio and body length of of C.warmingii
图 6 尾明角灯鱼不同月份性腺成熟度百分比组成
Figure 6. Percentage of gonad maturity stage of C.warmingii in different months
图 7 尾明角灯鱼不同体长组性腺成熟度百分比组成
Figure 7. Percentage of gonad maturity stage of C.warmingii in different body-length
图 8 尾明角灯鱼性成熟与体长关系
Figure 8. Ralationship between sexual maturity and body length of C.warmingii
图 9 尾明角灯鱼不同月份(a)和不同体长组(b)摄食强度百分比组成
Figure 9. Percentage of feeding stage of C.warmingii in different months (a) and different body length groups (b)
表 1 采样站位、时间及样本数
Table 1. Survey stations, time and sample number
采样时间
survey time采样站位
survey station样本数
sample number采样区域
survey area2014.10 A、B、C、D 285 18°52′N~20°7′N，115°4′E~115°50′E 2014.11 E、F、G 150 14°41′N~17°29′N，112°59′E~115°13′E 2015.01 H、I、J 77 12°30′N~15°21′N，113°4′E~116°4′E 2015.06 K、L、M 318 19°48′N~20°2′N，115°10′E~115°49′E 2015.08 N、O 100 18°30′N，113°E~114°E 
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表 2 尾明角灯鱼体长体质量分布特征
Table 2. Characteristics of body length and weight distribution of C.warmingii
项目
item月份 month 总体
total2014.10 2014.11 2015.01 2015.06 2015.08 尾数
sample总数 285 150 77 318 100 930 ♀雌性 165 67 46 66 45 389 ♂雄性 54 65 15 100 45 279 体长组成
body length composition分布范围/mm 40~71 38~76 35~71 32~63 33~58 32~76 优势体长组/mm 50~60 45~65 55~65 45~55 40~55 45~60 优势体长组所占比例/% 83.2 89.3 79.2 93.4 94 86.9 平均/mm 53.17 54.21 58.61 48.86 45.32 51.47 平均/mm(雌/雄) 54.19/51.65 56.57/53.20 60.72/60.87 50.12/50.15 46.51/44.38 53.79/50.80 标准差/mm S.D. 1.68 14.47 7.00 8.59 5.40 6.60 体质量组成
weight composition分布范围/g range 0.69~3.55 0.3~4.3 0.44~3.97 0.39~3.2 0.5~2.2 0.3~4.3 优势体质量组/g 1.5~2.5 1.0~2.5 2.0~3.5 1.5~2.0 1~2 1.0~2.5 优势体质量组所占比例/% 84.2 88.0 74.0 83.3 93.0 91.1 平均/g 1.68 1.56 2.36 1.5 1.22 1.6 平均/mm(雌/雄) 1.77/1.54 1.82/1.46 2.58/2.67 1.60/1.59 1.29/1.17 1.79/1.54 标准差/g S.D. 0.54 0.78 0.78 0.76 0.40 0.61
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