2016, 12(4): 110-116. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0780.2016.04.014
关键词： 金枪鱼 , 延绳钓 , 灯光罩网渔船 , 捕捞试验
Keywords： tuna , longline , light falling-net vessel , fishing experiment
2015年3月~4月利用"粤电渔42212"灯光罩网渔船在南沙北部海域开展了金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞试验。延绳钓试验以不影响灯光罩网的正常作业为前提。试验期间，灯光罩网作业40晚，放网297次，平均渔获率336.4 kg·h-1，总渔获质量129.6 t，鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）占85.31%，黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacaes）占0.21%。延绳钓作业7次，放钩2 700枚，总渔获质量1 281.6 kg，剑鱼（Xiphias gladius）和黄鳍金枪鱼分别占72.88%和11.16%；延绳钓平均上钩率和CPUE分别为25.74尾·千钩-1和427.48 kg·千钩-1，其中黄鳍金枪鱼为1.90尾·千钩-1、52.74 kg·千钩-1，剑鱼为3.76尾·千钩-1、291.86 kg·千钩-1。试验证明，金枪鱼延绳钓和灯光罩网的渔场分布恰好一致，作业时间没有冲突。相比发展专业钓船，罩网渔船兼作延绳钓具有投资金额少、生产成本低的优势。建议通过探捕拓展和延长外海渔期，并研究解决金枪鱼保鲜问题。
An experiment of tuna longline were conducted by light falling-net fishing vessel "YUE DIAN YU NO.42212" in the north waters of the Nansha Islands from March to April in 2015 on the premise that the experiment has no effect on the falling-net fishing. During the trip,the falling-net operated 297 times within 40 d with total catch of 129.6 t and average catch rate of 336.4 kg·h-1. Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis was the dominant species,accounting for 85.31% of the total catch,and Thunnus albacares occpuied 0.21% of the total. Longline operated 2 700 hooks within 7 fishing times. The total catch was 1 281.6 kg. Xiphias gladius and T.albacares were the main species,accounting for 72.88% and 11.16% of the catch,respectively. The average hooking rate and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were 25.74 ind·(1 000 hook)-1 and 427.48 kg·(1 000 hook)-1,respectively. The hooking rate and CPUE for T.albacares were 1.90 ind·(1 000 hook)-1 and 52.74 kg·(1000 hook)-1,and were 3.76 ind·(1 000 hook)-1 and 291.86 kg·(1 000 hook)-1for X.gladius. The experiment proves that tuna longline and light falling-net have exactly the same fishing ground and operation time without conflict. Compared with professional longline vessels,tuna longline fishing conducted by falling-net vessels has less investment and lower production cost. It is suggested to extend the offshore fishing season and solve the problem of tuna preservation.
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