An experiment of tuna longline conducted by light falling-net fishing vessel
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摘要: 2015年3月~4月利用“粤电渔42212”灯光罩网渔船在南沙北部海域开展了金枪鱼延绳钓捕捞试验。延绳钓试验以不影响灯光罩网的正常作业为前提。试验期间,灯光罩网作业40晚,放网297次,平均渔获率336.4 kg · h-1,总渔获质量129.6 t,鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)占85.31%,黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacaes)占0.21%。延绳钓作业7次,放钩2 700枚,总渔获质量1 281.6 kg,剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)和黄鳍金枪鱼分别占72.88%和11.16%;延绳钓平均上钩率和CPUE分别为25.74尾· 千钩-1和427.48 kg · 千钩-1,其中黄鳍金枪鱼为1.90尾· 千钩-1、52.74 kg · 千钩-1,剑鱼为3.76尾· 千钩-1、291.86 kg · 千钩-1。试验证明,金枪鱼延绳钓和灯光罩网的渔场分布恰好一致,作业时间没有冲突。相比发展专业钓船,罩网渔船兼作延绳钓具有投资金额少、生产成本低的优势。建议通过探捕拓展和延长外海渔期,并研究解决金枪鱼保鲜问题。Abstract: An experiment of tuna longline were conducted by light falling-net fishing vessel "YUE DIAN YU NO.42212" in the north waters of the Nansha Islands from March to April in 2015 on the premise that the experiment has no effect on the falling-net fishing. During the trip, the falling-net operated 297 times within 40 d with total catch of 129.6 t and average catch rate of 336.4 kg · h-1. Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis was the dominant species, accounting for 85.31% of the total catch, and Thunnus albacares occpuied 0.21% of the total. Longline operated 2 700 hooks within 7 fishing times. The total catch was 1 281.6 kg. Xiphias gladius and T.albacares were the main species, accounting for 72.88% and 11.16% of the catch, respectively. The average hooking rate and catch per unit effort (CPUE) were 25.74 ind · (1 000 hook)-1 and 427.48 kg · (1 000 hook)-1, respectively. The hooking rate and CPUE for T.albacares were 1.90 ind · (1 000 hook)-1 and 52.74 kg · (1000 hook)-1, and were 3.76 ind · (1 000 hook)-1 and 291.86 kg · (1 000 hook)-1 for X.gladius. The experiment proves that tuna longline and light falling-net have exactly the same fishing ground and operation time without conflict. Compared with professional longline vessels, tuna longline fishing conducted by falling-net vessels has less investment and lower production cost. It is suggested to extend the offshore fishing season and solve the problem of tuna preservation.
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Key words:
- tuna /
- longline /
- light falling-net vessel /
- fishing experiment
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表 1 灯光罩网作业概况
Table 1. General information of light falling-net fishing
夜晚
No.日期
date作业地点 position 网次
fishing times光诱时间
lighting time渔获量/kg
catch渔获率/kg·h-1
catch rateLat.(N) Long.(E) 1 0309 11°41′ 114°36′ 8 19:11~04:13 2 848 315.3 2 0310 11°42′ 114°37′ 8 19:07~05:13 1 702 168.5 3 0311 11°16′ 114°32′ 9 18:56~05:21 5 223 501.4 4 0312 11°16′ 114°32′ 8 19:04~05:33 3 236 308.7 5 0313 11°24′ 114°33′ 8 18:57~05:22 4 977 477.8 6 0314 11°24′ 114°33′ 9 18:56~05:36 5 609 525.8 7 0315 11°25′ 114°33′ 7 19:01~03:27 4 546 539.1 8 0316 11°32′ 114°37′ 6 19:00~03:17 1 416 170.9 9 0317 11°26′ 114°39′ 6 19:20~02:17 2 819 405.7 10 0318 11°41′ 114°36′ 8 19:00~05:36 2 206 208.1 11 0319 11°20′ 114°33′ 12 19:03~05:39 7 687 725.2 12 0320 11°20′ 114°33′ 10 19:00~05:29 6 504 620.4 13 0321 11°20′ 114°33′ 11 18:56~05:34 8 984 844.9 14 0322 11°20′ 114°33′ 6 19:02~03:07 1 862 230.3 15 0323 11°20′ 114°33′ 2 18:58~00:31 124 22.3 16 0324 11°44′ 114°36′ 9 19:04~05:35 2 650 251.9 17 0325 11°40′ 114°35′ 3 19:00~23:38 303 65.5 18 0326 11°52′ 114°33′ 2 19:01~22:34 182 51.3 19 0327 10°40′ 114°16′ 8 19:16~05:15 3 254 325.9 20 0328 10°40′ 114°16′ 8 19:06~04:58 1 304 132.2 21 0329 10°45′ 114°11′ 9 19:03~05:05 2 106 209.9 22 0406 11°28′ 114°39′ 1 19:10~20:46 91 56.9 23 0407 11°24′ 114°33′ 7 19:10~04:17 1 439 157.8 24 0408 11°21′ 114°30′ 8 18:58~05:31 5 043 478.0 25 0409 11°21′ 114°30′ 5 19:02~01:27 2 537 395.4 26 0410 11°47′ 114°39′ 8 19:15~05:32 4 590 446.4 27 0411 11°48′ 114°38′ 8 19:03~05:18 3 565 347.8 28 0412 11°47′ 114°38′ 10 18:59~05:10 5 281 518.6 29 0413 11°44′ 114°36′ 8 19:09~04:45 4 545 473.5 30 0415 11°44′ 114°37′ 10 18:59~04:41 3 969 409.2 31 0416 11°43′ 114°36′ 4 19:05~00:20 634 120.7 32 0417 11°22′ 114°31′ 8 19:05~05:05 3 316 331.6 33 0418 11°47′ 114°37′ 10 19:04~05:08 4 787 475.5 34 0419 11°40′ 114°43′ 9 19:08~05:19 3 679 361.3 35 0420 11°47′ 114°37′ 9 19:03~05:10 4 083 403.6 36 0421 11°33′ 114°43′ 8 19:04~04:36 3 539 371.2 37 0422 11°29′ 114°38′ 8 19:02~04:58 3 435 345.8 38 0423 11°36′ 114°40′ 7 19:01~03:31 3 186 374.8 39 0424 11°47′ 114°37′ 5 19:15~02:41 1 119 150.5 40 0425 12°52′ 114°14′ 7 19:17~04:26 1 255 137.2 表 2 灯光罩网居前10位的渔获组成
Table 2. Catch composition of falling-net top 10 species
排名
No.种类
species质量/kg
weight质量百分比/%
ratio of weight1 鸢乌贼 Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis 110 595.50 85.31 2 细鳞圆鲹 Decapterus macarellus 10 856.55 8.37 3 扁舵鲣 Auxis thazard 3 050.54 2.35 4 鲔 Euthynnus affinis 1 703.35 1.31 5 鲣 Katsuwonus pelamis 1 374.41 1.06 6 圆舵鲣 Auxis rochei 727.99 0.56 7 斑条魣 Sphyraena jello 315.10 0.24 8 黑带鳞鳍梅鲷 Pterocaesio tile 312.09 0.24 9 黄鳍金枪鱼 Thunnus albacares 275.43 0.21 10 鳞首方头鲳 Cubiceps squamiceps 252.61 0.19 表 3 金枪鱼延绳钓作业概况
Table 3. General information of tuna longline fishing
钓次
No.放钩数量
number of hooks放钓位置
setting position放钓日期
setting date放钓时间
setting time起钓日期
retrieving date起钓时间
retrieving time尾数
quantity上钩率/尾· 千钩-1
catch rate质量/kg
weightCPUE/kg· 千钩-1 Lat.(N) Long.(E) 1 300 11°20′ 114°31′ 0330 16:56~19:01 0331 06:38~10:31 9 30.00 69.4 231.17 2 300 11°33′ 114°37′ 0331 17:22~19:36 0401 06:40~10:45 13 43.33 98.7 329.00 3 400 11°03′ 114°30′ 0401 16:56~19:21 0402 06:07~12:42 17 42.50 220.7 551.75 4 400 10°57′ 114°25′ 0402 17:03~19:48 0403 06:37~13:30 10 25.00 326.6 816.50 5 500 10°36′ 114°15′ 0403 16:34~19:49 0404 06:08~12:44 8 16.00 336.5 673.00 6 600 10°44′ 114°14′ 0404 17:12~20:46 0405 06:29~14:27 11 18.33 227.4 378.92 7 200 11°24′ 114°33′ 0406 15:59~17:17 0407 06:43~09:00 1 5.00 2.4 12.00 表 4 延绳钓渔获物概况
Table 4. Catch composition of longline fishing
种类
species质量
weight尾数
quantity上钩率/尾·千钩-1
catch rateCPUE/kg·千钩-1 kg % ind. % mean range mean range 剑鱼 Xiphias gladius 934 72.88 12 17.39 3.76 0~8.00 291.86 0~775.00 黄鳍金枪鱼 Thunnus albacares 143 11.16 5 7.25 1.90 0~5.00 52.74 0~122.50 斑条魣 Sphyraena jello 55 4.29 4 5.80 1.90 0~10.00 26.19 0~133.33 异鳞蛇鲭 Lepidocybium flavobrunneum 53.2 4.15 5 7.25 1.90 0~3.33 23.54 0~66.67 蛇鲭 Gempylus serpens 39.3 3.07 28 40.58 11.19 0~16.67 15.94 0~31.17 鲯鳅 Coryphaena hippurus 19.5 1.52 2 2.90 0.57 0~4.00 5.57 0~39.00 大鳞乌鲂 Taractichthys steindachneri 13 1.01 3 4.35 1.00 0~3.33 4.29 0~13.33 黑魟 Dasyatis atratus 12.2 0.95 4 5.80 1.24 0~5.00 3.63 0~12.50 刺鲅 Acanthocybium solandi 7 0.55 1 1.45 0.24 0~1.67 1.67 0~11.67 帆蜥鱼 Alepisaurus ferox 5.5 0.43 5 7.25 2.02 0~7.50 2.06 0~11.25 -
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