Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Freshwater Aquaculture Systems in China
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摘要: 【目的】综述4种主要淡水增养殖系统温室气体（N2O、CO2和CH4）排放时空特征、各区域温室气体排放量与增温潜势，提出相应减排措施，为助力农业领域尽早实现“碳达峰，碳中和”提供参考。【方法】根据不同系统温室气体排放研究，总结不同系统的时空排放特征，估算我国内陆不同增养殖系统的排放系数，在此基础上得到各个省份区域单位面积和单位产量的年排放量与增温潜势。【结果】除集约化养殖外，稻渔综合种养、大水面增殖、半集约化养殖温室气体排放均存在明显的时空变化特征：以秦岭淮河为分界，不同模式温室气体排放存在南北差异，各养殖水域内部也存在较高的空间变异性；时间排放特征主要受温度影响，在夏秋高温季节CH4、CO2和N2O的排放强度更大，同时存在明显的昼夜变化。其中N2O排放系数依次为集约化（产量系数26.10 g·kg-1，面积系数157.67 g·m-2）＞稻渔综合种养（4.11 g·kg-1，0.40 g·m-2）＞大水面增殖和半集约化（0.43 g·kg-1，0.19 g·m-2），CH4的排放系数最高出现在大水面增殖（189.02 g·kg-1，76.37 g·m-2），CO2的排放系数最高出现在稻渔综合种养（3 357.24 g·kg-1，1 079.36 g·m-2）。【结论】我国淡水增养殖系统为温室气体的排放源，存在较明显的时空变化特征，准确编制淡水增养殖系统温室气体排放清单是实现农业“碳达峰，碳中和”的重要一环。Abstract: 【Objective】 This article summarized the spatial and temporal characteristics of greenhouse gas (N2O, CO2 and CH4) emissions of four main freshwater aquaculture systems, as well as the greenhouse gas emissions and warming potential of each region, and put forward corresponding emission reduction measures to provide reference for helping the agricultural field to achieve "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" as soon as possible.【Method】 Based on studies of greenhouse gas emissions from different systems, the spatial and temporal emission characteristics of different systems were summarized, and the emission coefficients of aquaculture systems were estimated.On this basis, the annual emissions and warming potential per unit area and per unit production of each province were obtained.【Result】 In addition to intensive culture system, the rice-fish-culturue system, extensive and semi-intensive culture systems had obvious spatio-temporal emission characteristics.Taking Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River as the boundary, there were north-south differences in greenhouse gas emissions in those systems, and there was high spatial variability within each aquaculture water area.The temporal emission characteristics were mainly affected by temperature, and the emission flux of CH4, CO2 and N2O wasgreater in the high temperature seasons like summer and autumn, and there wereobvious diurnal variations.The order of N2O emission was intensive (yield coefficient 26.10 g·kg-1, area coefficient 157.67 g·m-2)＞rice-fish culture system (4.11 g·kg-1, 0.40 g·m-2)＞extensive and semi-intensive culture system (0.43 g·kg-1, 0.19 g·m-2).The highest emission of CH4 was found in the extensive culture system (189.02 g·kg-1, 76.37 g·m-2), and the highest emission of CO2 was found in the rice-fish culture system (3 357.24 g·kg-1, 1 079.36 g·m-2).【Conclusion】 Freshwater culture system in our country is the source of greenhouse gases, with obvious spatial and temporal variation characteristics Accurately compiling greenhouse gas emission inventory of freshwater culture system will be an important part of realizing "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" of agriculture.
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