Effect of Salting Time on Sensory and Texture Quality of Dried Low-sodium-salted Lutianus erythropterus
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摘要: 【目的】揭示腌制时间对低钠盐腌制红鳍笛鲷（Lutianus erythropterus）鱼干（下称“红鱼干”）感官品质及质构状态的影响，为优质低钠盐腌制红鱼干的加工工艺优化提供理论依据。【方法】以NaCl和KCl分别按照质量分数85%和15%的比例制备低钠盐，再以鱼体质量30%的用量，通过覆抹式干腌、清水脱盐、自然日晒等加工工艺制备红鱼干，考察不同腌制时间（2、4、6、8、10 h）对低钠盐腌制红鱼干成品的感官、色度、质构、肌肉纤维结构、盐分及水分质量分数、水分分布和迁移等指标的影响。【结果】随着腌制时间的递增，红鱼干的咸度、鲜味、腌腊味、硬度、嚼劲和金黄色泽等感官品质均显著提高（P＜0.05），此时盐分的增多使鱼干内部的水分逐渐向外迁移，蛋白与水分的结合力增强，肌纤维最终收缩密集；腌制时间超出8 h后，红鱼干的亮黄色度、咀嚼性、NaCl质量分数和水分整体自由度均显著下降（P＜0.05），灰绿色度明显上升。【结论】低钠盐腌制时间对红鱼干的感官及质构品质具有显著影响。本研究条件下，8 h的腌制时间可保证低钠盐腌制红鱼干处于较优的感官品质及质构状态。Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of salting time on sensory quality and texture state of dried low-sodium-salted Lutianus erythropterus, and to provide theoretical basis for the processing optimization of dried low-sodium-salted fish products with high quality.【Method】 The low-sodium salt was prepared with 85% NaCl and 15% KCl according to the mass fraction, and the application of overcoating salting using low-sodium salt at 30% mass fraction of fish, water desalination and sun-drying processing, the effects of different salting time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h) on sensory score, chromacity, texture, muscle fiber structure, mass fraction of salt and water, water distribution and migration of dried low-sodium-salted L. erythropterus were investigated.【Result】 With the increasing of salting time, the sensory indicators of saltiness, umami, salted-fish flavor, hardness, chewiness and golden color of dried fish were significantly increased (P＜0.05).With the increasing of salt, the moisture inside the dried fish gradually migrated outward when the binding between protein and moisture enhanced, and the muscle fibers eventually contracted intensively.The bright-yellow chroma, chewiness, mass fraction of NaCl and water fugacity of dried fish decreased significantly after salting for more than 8 hours (P＜0.05), while the greyish-green chroma increased significantly.【Conclusion】 Low-sodium salting time has a significant effect on the sensory and texture quality of dried low-sodium-salted L. erythropterus.Low-sodium salting for 8 hours can ensure the better sensory quality and texture state of dried low-sodium-salted fish.
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