Effects of Two Types of Leguminous Green Manures on Growth and Meat Quality of Procambarus clarkii
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摘要: 【目的】探明光叶紫花苕子（Vicia villosa Rothvar）和箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）这两种豆科绿肥饲料添加对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长性能及虾肉品质的影响。【方法】用五种饲料处理组（T1组，光叶紫花苕子；T2组，箭筈豌豆；T3组，专用饲料；T4组，光叶紫花苕子+专用饲料；T5组，箭舌豌豆+专用饲料）饲喂克氏原螯虾60 d后，分析豆科绿肥添加对其生长性能、理化性质和组织结构的影响。【结果】光叶紫花苕子和箭舌豌豆中蛋白质质量分数为27.80%和25.00%，粗纤维质量分数均为22.60%，天冬氨酸和亮氨酸含量相对较高。饲喂60 d后，与只饲喂专用饲料（T3组）相比，不同组别克氏原螯虾成活率无显著变化（76.7%～80.0%，P＞0.05），但T1、T4和T5组增重率分别上升8.13%、32.92%和27.95%，且差异显著（P＜0.05），T2组得肉率显著上升9.29%（P＜0.05）；T4和T5组加压失水率分别显著下降20.6%和18.8%（P＜0.05），除T1组L*值下降外，其他组别色泽皆有一定程度上升，T4和T5组的虾肉肌纤维间隙减少，虾肉更加紧密。【结论】相比于单独饲喂专用饲料或豆科绿肥，混合饲喂效果更佳，且箭舌豌豆+专用饲料混合饲喂比光叶紫花苕子+专用饲料混合饲喂的克氏原螯虾生长性能和虾肉品质更佳。Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study is to explore the effects of two leguminous green manure(Vicia villosa Rothvar and Vicia sativa L.) feed on the growth performance and meat quality of Procambarus clarkii.【Methods】 The effects of leguminous green manure addition on growth performance, physicochemical properties and tissue structure of crayfish were analyzed after 60 days of feeding with five feed treatment groups(group T1:V. villosa, group T2:V. sativa, group T3:specialized feed, group T4: V. villosa+specialized feed, group T5: V. sativa+specialized feed).【Results】 The results showed that the protein contents of V. villosa and V. sativa were 27.80% and 25.00%, the crude fiber contents of both were 22.60%, and the contents of aspartic acid and leucine were relatively high.After 60 days of feeding, compared with feeding the specialized diet(group T3), there was no significant change in the survival rate of crayfish in different groups (76.7% -80.0%, P＞0.05), but the mass gain rate increased significantly by 8.13%, 32.92% and 27.95% in groups T1, T4 and T5, respectively (P＜0.05), and the meat gain rate increased significantly by 9.29% in group T2 (P＜0.05); the pressurized water loss rate significantly decreased by 20.6% and 18.8% in groups T4 and T5, respectively (P＜0.05), and the color and lustre increased to some extent in all groups except for a decrease in the L* value in group T1, and the crayfish meat muscle fiber interstitial space decreased and shrimp meat became more compact in groups T4 and T5.【Conclusion】 The feed mixture was better than the specialized feed or leguminous green manure alone, and the growth performance and meat quality of crayfish were better fed by V. sativa+specialized feed than V. villosa+specialized feed.
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Key words:
- Vicia villosa Rothvar /
- Vicia sativa L. /
- Procambarus clarkii /
- growth performance /
- meat quality
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