2023, 43(2): 113-119. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9159.2023.02.014
关键词： 海参 , 营养成分 , 氨基酸 , 脂肪酸 , 矿物元素 , 维生素
Keywords： Sea cucumber , nutritional composition , amino acid , fatty acid , mineral elements , vitamin
【目的】综合评价南海礁栖海参营养功能成分，为南海礁栖海参开发利用提供参考。【方法】对糙海参（Holothuria scabra）、玉足海参（Holothuria Leucospilota）和糙刺参（Stichopus horrens）三种南海礁栖海参体壁中的基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、矿物元素和维生素含量进行检测、分析和评价。【结果与结论】三种海参的基本营养成分存在显著差异（P<0.05），其中，糙海参蛋白质质量分数最高（69.24%），糙刺参脂肪和灰分含量最高，而玉足海参总糖质量分数最高（16.96%）；三种海参蛋白质均检出17种氨基酸，其中玉足海参的必需氨基酸质量分数最高（17.93%），糙海参的氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸的含量均高于其他两种；根据氨基酸评分（AAS）和化学评分（CS），糙海参和玉足海参第一限制性氨基酸均为赖氨酸，糙刺参第一限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸；棕榈酸为三种海参中含量最高的饱和脂肪酸（9.36%~13.86%）；不饱和脂肪酸中，二十碳五烯（C20：5，Eicosapntemacnioc Acid，EPA）在糙海参和玉足海参含量较高，而花生四烯酸在糙刺参氨基酸中占比最高（27.12%）；三种海参体壁富含人体所需的多种矿物元素，常量元素中钠含量最高，微量元素中铁和锌含量最高；三种海参均含有少量的维生素C和维生素E。
【Objective】To comprehensively evaluate of the nutritional and functional components of three reef-dwelling sea cucumbers in the South China Sea, and to provide reference for the development and utilization of reef-dwelling sea cucumber in the South China Sea.【Methods】 The basic nutritional composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, mineral elements and vitamin contents in the body wall of Holothuria scabra, H. leucospilota and Stichopus horrens were examined, analyzed and evaluated.【Results and Conclusion】There were significant differences in the basic nutrients of the three types of sea cucumber (P<0.05), The protein content of H. scabra was the highest(69.24%), the fat and ash content of S. horrens was the highest, and the total sugar content of H. leucospilota was the highest(16.96%); 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in the three kinds of sea cucumbers, among which H. leucospilota had the highest content of essential amino acids (17.93%), while the H. scabra had higher content of total amino acids, non-essential amino acids and flavoring amino acids than the other two kinds of sea cucumber; According to amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), the first limiting amino acid of H. scabra and H. leucospilota are was lysine, and the first limiting amino acid of S. horrenswas leucine; Palmitic acid is the highest saturated fatty acid (9.36%- 13.86%) among the three sea cucumbers; Among the unsaturated fatty acids, Eicosapntemacnioc Acid (C20: 5, EPA)was higher in H. scabra and H. leucospilota, while arachidonic acid of S. horrens is highest (27.12%); The body wall of the three types of sea cucumbers is rich in a variety of mineral elements required by human body, with the highest content of sodium in macronutrients and the highest content of iron and zinc in trace elements; all three types of sea cucumbers contain a small amount of vitamin C and vitamin E.
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