2023, 43(2): 43-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9159.2023.02.006
关键词： 罗勒精油 , 珍珠龙胆石斑鱼 , 运前暂养 , 氧化应激 , 热休克蛋白70
Keywords： basil essential oil , Epinephelus fuscoguttatusi♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ , temporary culture before transportation , oxidative stress , Hsp70
【目的】探究罗勒精油对运前暂养胁迫下珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatusi♀×Epinepheluslanceolatus♂）氧化应激水平的影响，以期为石斑鱼保活运输应激缓解技术开发提供依据。【方法】分析罗勒精油的暂养浓度与暂养时间对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼无水保活的存活时间及存活率的影响，以及不同暂养时间下石斑鱼血清生化指标与氧化应激相关指标的变化。【结果】10 mg/L罗勒精油暂养处理，能显著延长珍珠龙胆石斑鱼无水保活时间（P < 0.05），延长5.7 h，保活时间为（19.7±0.5）h；暂养24 h处理组的石斑鱼无水保活15 h时存活率仍能保持100%。与空白对照组相比，10 mg/L罗勒精油暂养处理组石斑鱼血清中皮质醇质量浓度、尿素氮浓度以及乳酸脱氢酶酶活力显著降低（P < 0.05），谷草转氨酶酶活力上升速率减缓，石斑鱼肝脏与脑部中丙二醛含量显著降低（P < 0.05），热休克蛋白70的释放显著增加（P < 0.05），随着暂养时间的延长，脑部还原性谷胱甘肽含量与肝脏过氧化氢酶活力的上升趋势减缓，暂养过程血清中葡萄糖消耗速率减缓，肝脏中乳酸积累显著减少（P < 0.05），氧化应激得到缓解。【结论】暂养时加入罗勒精油能促进石斑鱼组织中热休克蛋白70的释放、减少组织中脂质过氧化物丙二醛的产生，降低乳酸的积累。随着暂养时间的延长，暂养胁迫下的应激响应和能量响应上升程度减缓，组织损伤和代谢物的累积减少。暂养时最佳的罗勒精油质量浓度为10 mg/L，可缩短珍珠龙胆石斑鱼所需的暂养时间，并延长石斑鱼在无水保活下的存活时间。
【Objective】To explore the effect of basil essential oil on the oxidative stress level of pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatusi♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) under temporary stress before transportation, and to support the development of technology for grouper survival and transportation stress mitigation. 【Method】The effects of the temporary culturing concentration and culturing time of basil essential oil on the survival time and survival rate of pearl gentian grouper in waterless transports, and the serum biochemical indexes and oxidative stress-related indexes of grouper under different temporary culturing times were analyzed. 【Result】10 mg/L basil essential oil for temporary maintenance treatment could significantly prolong the waterless maintenance time of pearl gentian grouper (P < 0.05) by 5.7 h, to (19.7 ± 0.5) h; the temporary maintenance was 24 h. The survival rate of the grouper in the treatment group remained 100% when kept waterless transport for 15 h. Compared with the blank control group, the concentrations of cortisol (COR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum of grouper in the treatment group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the enzyme activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) was slowed down, and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the liver and brain of grouper was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The release of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) increased significantly (P < 0.05), With the extension of the culturing time, the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the brain and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the liver decreased significantly(P < 0.05), the consumption rate of glucose (Glu) in serum slowed down, the accumulation of lactic acid (LD) in liver was significantly reduced(P < 0.05), and oxidative stress was relieved. 【Conclusion】 Adding basil essential oil during temporary culture can promote the release of Hsp70 in grouper tissues, reduce the production of lipid peroxide MDA in tissues and accumulation of lactic acid. With the extension of the cuturing time, the increase of the stress response and the energy response under the temporary culturing stress slowed down, and the tissue damage and the accumulation of metabolites decreased. The optimal concentration of basil essential oil was 10 mg/L, which could shorten the temporary culturing time of pearl gentian grouper, and increased its survival time in waterless transport.
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