2023, 43(2): 11-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9159.2023.02.002
关键词： 凡纳滨对虾 , 五倍子 , 生长 , 非特异性免疫 , 肠道结构
Keywords： Litopenaeus vannamei , Galla chinensis , growth , non-specific immunity , intestinal structure
【目的】研究五倍子（Galla chinensis，GC）对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）幼虾生长性能、抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫能力及肠道组织结构的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中，分别添加质量分数0.00%（对照组）、0.02%（GC2）和0.04%的五倍子（GC4），配制成3组等氮等脂饲料，投喂3组初始体质量（0.40 ± 0.00）g的幼虾56 d，测定幼虾生长性能、抗氧化、非特异性免疫及肠道组织结构的相关指标。【结果】GC添加组对虾的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05），饲料系数均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）；添加组全虾体粗蛋白质均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。随着GC添加量增加，血清甘油三酯含量逐渐下降，且GC4组显著低于对照组（P < 0.05），胆固醇含量、谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性与对照组无显著差异（P > 0.05）。添加组肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶及溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）且两添加组间差异不显著（P > 0.05）。添加组碱性磷酸酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组，但GC4组显著低于GC2组（P < 0.05）。GC4组肠壁厚度显著高于其余两组（P <0.05）；添加组绒毛高度均显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。【结论】添加五倍子可提高凡纳滨对虾幼虾的生长性能、抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫能力，改善肠道结构。
【Objective】To investigate the effects of Galla chinensis (GC) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal tissues of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. 【Method】 Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipid experimental diets were prepared by adding GC with mass fraction of 0.02% (GC2) and 0.04% (GC4) to the basal diet and fed to three groups of experimental shrimps (initial weight 0.40 ± 0.00 g) for 56 d, respectively. Determination of growth performance, antioxidant, non-specific immunity and intestinal tissue structure of juvenile L. vannamei.【Result and Conclusion】The weight gain rate and specific growth rate in GC group were significantly higher than those in the control group whereas feed conversion ratio were all significantly lower with GC addition (P < 0.05). All whole shrimp body proteins were significantly higher in the added group than in the control group (P < 0.05). With GC addition, the serum triglyceride level gradually decreased and was significantly lower in the GC4 group than in the control group, however, no significant difference was found between the cholesterol level, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic alanine transaminase activities and the control group (P < 0.05). Hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, catalase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher in the added group than in the control group (P < 0.05) and the difference between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and total antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the added group than in the control group, but significantly lower in the GC4 group than in the GC2 group (P < 0.05). The muscle layer thickness in the GC4 group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05); the villi height was significantly higher in all the added groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of GC significantly improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal structure of juvenile shrimps L. vannamei.
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