Current status and high quality culture industry development strategies of mud crab in genus Scylla in China: a review
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摘要: 青蟹（Scylla spp.）营养丰富，经济价值较高，目前已发现的青蟹种类有4种，即拟穴青蟹（Scylla paramamosain）、锯缘青蟹（S.serrata）、紫螯青蟹（S.tranquebarica）和榄绿青蟹（S.olivacea）。其中，拟穴青蟹是中国海水养殖产量最大的蟹类，广泛分布于中国东南沿海。近年来，中国青蟹的养殖面积、养殖产量和捕捞产量均呈现下降趋势，而人们对青蟹的需求却不断增长，导致供需矛盾日益突出。本文对中国青蟹育种、 苗种培育、 养殖模式、 人工配合饲料和病害等养殖现状， 以及青蟹资源种类、 捕捞和加工等现状进行了综述，针对中国青蟹养殖产业中存在的问题，提出今后中国青蟹养殖产业应该从养殖空间拓展、良种选育、苗种培育技术提升、中间培育技术突破、养殖模式优化与新模式开发、人工配合饲料开发、新形态产品开发及青蟹品牌建设等方面开展深入研究，以期为推动中国青蟹养殖产业绿色高质量发展提供科学参考。Abstract: There are four species of mud crab in genus Scylla, including Scylla aradamosain, S.serrata, S.tranquebarica, and S.olivacea, in which S.paramemosain as the largest mariculture crab species in China is widely distributed in the southeast coast of China. S.paramemosain is known as the "masterpiece of seawater" due to its delicious taste and high price. In recent years, however, the aquaculture area, aquaculture yield, and capture yield of Chinese mud crab have shown a downward trend. At the same time, the demand for mud crab has been continuously increasing, leading to increasingly prominent supply-demand contradictions. This article summarizes an overview of the breeding, seedling cultivation, aquaculture models, artificial feed, diseases, and other aquaculture status of Chinese mud crab, as well as the types, fishing, and processing of mud crab resources. It is suggested that China's mud crab industry should mainly focus on expanding breeding space, breeding high-quality varieties, improving seedling cultivation level, and breaking through intermediate cultivation technologies. Efforts will be made to optimize the breeding mode and develop new models, develop artificial feed combinations, develop new forms of products, and strengthen the brand of mud crab in the future. The findings will provide scientific references for promoting high-quality development of mud crab culture industry.
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Key words:
- Scylla spp. /
- breeding /
- germplasm innovation /
- breeding technique and model
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