Finite element analysis of damage characteristics of fishing vessels in collision between merchant and fishing vessels
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摘要: 为探究大型商船与渔船碰撞（以下简称"商渔船碰撞"）事故中，不同碰撞条件对被撞渔船船体结构损伤特性的影响，以42 m典型渔船为例，选取商船不同碰撞角度、碰撞速度和碰撞质量等碰撞工况，采用有限元方法，利用LS-DYNA软件对碰撞过程进行仿真模拟，得到渔船船体损伤的应力应变云图及能量曲线，并分析了渔船损伤特性随碰撞工况的变化规律。结果表明：在本研究设定工况下，商船速度为8 m/s，碰撞位置在舱段中间时，被撞渔船破损程度最大，船体出现破口，骨架也发生断裂；当碰撞角度为60°时，渔船同时受到垂向力和沿船长方向力的影响，船体破口最大；当商船质量为10 000 t时，被撞渔船破损最严重，但当商船质量超过10 000 t时，与渔船吨位差距很大时，商船质量增加对渔船损伤的影响程度变化不大。研究表明，有限元仿真模拟方法可用于分析商渔船碰撞过程中渔船结构损伤，在商渔船碰撞中，商船的质量、碰撞速度、碰撞角度、碰撞位置均是影响渔船损伤程度的关键因素，且碰撞速度、商船质量等因素与被撞渔船的受损程度呈正相关。Abstract: In order to investigate the impact of various collision conditions on the damage characteristics of a large merchant vessel colliding with a fishing vessel, referred to as a commercial fishing vessel collision, the collision process was simulated in a typical 42 m fishing boat as an example, and under collision conditions of different collision angles, speeds, and masses, using finite element method and LS-DYNA software, resulting in stress-strain cloud maps and energy curves for the hull damage of the fishing boat. The variation law of damage characteristics of the fishing vessel with collision conditions was obtained through analysis. The results indicated that there was the maximal damage degree in the collided fishing boat at the speed of 8 m/s in the merchant ship and at the collision position in the middle of the cabin, resulting in broken hulls and fractured skeletons under the conditions in present study. The vessel experienced both vertical force and force along the direction of captain at the collision angle of 60°, leading to the largest hull fracture. While a merchant ship weighing 10 000 tons caused the most severe hull damage, when the weight exceeded 10 000 tons and there was a significant tonnage gap between the ship and the fishing boat, increasing mass had little effect on the extent of damage of fishing boat. The findings indicate that finite element simulation methods can be employed to analyze the structural damage of commercial fishing boats during collisions. In commercial fishing vessel collisions, factors such as mass, collision speed, angle, and position of merchant vessels significantly influence the damage degree of fishing vessels, with collision speed, mass, and other factors positively correlating with damage severity.
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