Effects of water temperature on gastric evacuation rate of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi fed formulated diet
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摘要: 为研究温度对不同规格翘嘴鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）摄食配合饲料后胃排空速率（gastric evacuation rate，GER）的影响，设定3种不同养殖温度（18、25、30 ℃），采用胃含物分析法分别对两种规格翘嘴鳜（89.50 g±10.21 g和246.65 g±11.34 g）胃排空特征进行分析，共测定饱食后9个不同时间点翘嘴鳜胃含物的水分含量、相对湿质量和相对干质量，并采用3种数学模型进行拟合，筛选最佳胃排空模型，以确定养殖翘嘴鳜的最适投喂频率。结果表明：不同养殖温度下，两种规格翘嘴鳜胃含物的水分含量均呈先快速后慢速上升至稳定的趋势，而胃含物的相对干质量则均为持续下降，且下降趋势呈先快速后慢速；同一规格鱼胃含物的相对干质量、相对湿质量与温度呈负相关（18 ℃组>25 ℃组>30 ℃组）；不同养殖温度下，除小规格鱼30 ℃组胃含物排空时间为30 h外，其余各组鱼胃含物接近排空或完全排空时间均为48 h；鱼规格对胃含物的相对干质量和相对湿质量有极显著性影响（P<0.01），温度对胃含物水分及相对干质量和相对湿质量也均有极显著性影响（P<0.01）；利用胃含物相对干质量进行胃排空模式拟合效果较好，其中指数模型更适合描述翘嘴鳜的胃排空规律；拟合模型计算显示，在18、25、30 ℃温度下，小规格鱼80%干质量的胃排空时间分别为17.43、12.70、9.71 h，大规格鱼则分别为20.40、15.74、13.19 h。研究表明，温度与鱼规格影响翘嘴鳜饱食配合饲料后的胃排空时间，胃排空时间随温度升高而缩短，随鱼规格增大而延长；在实际生产中冬季水温降低，投喂配合饲料的次数应减少至1次/d甚至更低，夏季可适当提高至2~3次/d；相同温度下适当增加小规格鱼投喂次数、减少大规格鱼投喂次数，可获得更好的养殖效果。Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of water temperature on gastric emptying rate of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) fed formulated diet to determine the appropriate feeding frequency, two sizes of mandarin fish with body weight of (89.50±10.21)g and (246.65±11.34)g were reared in 0.5 m3 glass fiber reinforced plastic buckets and fed formulated diet at water temperatures of 18, 25, and 30℃. The moisture, wet and dry mass of the gastric contents were measured in the mandarin fish anesthetized by anesthetic MS-222 at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 30 and 48 h after satiation, and linear, exponential and square root mathematical models were used to fit the relative wet and dry mass of the gastric contents at different time to screen the optimal gastric emptying model and to calculate the optimal feeding frequency. The results showed that the moisture of gastric contents in both size fish was found to be increased rapidly at first, then increased slowly and remained stable, while the dry mass of gastric contents to be decreased continuously, with a trend of rapidly decrease (0-8 h) and then slow down (8-48 h) at different temperatures. The relative wet and dry mass of fish gastric contents in the same size fish were negatively correlated with temperature (18℃ group >25℃ group >30℃ group). At different temperatures, the nearly empty time or completely empty time of the gastric contents of all the groups were 48 h, except 30 h in the small size fish at 30℃. The variance analysis showed that the fish size had significant influence on gastric evacuation of the relative wet and dry gastric contents (P<0.01). Temperature also had significant effects on gastric content moisture, relative wet and dry mass (P<0.01), without interaction between size and temperature (P>0.05). There was more accurately fitting model reflecting the gastric emptying by dry mass than by wet mass, and the exponential model was shown to be more suitable to describe the gastric emptying characteristics of mandarin fish. The fitting model showed that the gastric emptying of 80% dry mass in small size fish took 17.43 h at 18℃, 12.70 h at 25℃ and 9.71 h at 30℃, 20.40 h, with at 18℃, 15.74 h at 25℃ and 13.19 h at 30℃ in large size fish. The gastric emptying time was found to be decreased with the increase in warming temperature while prolonged with the increase in fish size. It is suggested that the feeding frequency practically be reduced to once a day or even lower in winter due to low water temperature, and to increase to 2 to 3 times/d in summer. At the same water temperature, however, better aquaculture benefits can be obtained by appropriately increasing the feeding frequency for small size fish and decreasing the feeding frequency of large size fish.
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Key words:
- Siniperca chuatsi /
- gastric evacuation time /
- fish size /
- temperature /
- mathematical model
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(3):68-70.(in Chinese)
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