2023, 38(2): 185-195. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2023-070
关键词： 渔业声学 , 资源评估 , 声学调查 , 回波积分 , 目标强度
Keywords： fisheries acoustics , resources assessment , acoustic survey , echo integration methods , target strength
中国现代水产业的快速发展是建立在渔业资源可持续利用基础上的。近年来,随着中国渔业资源声学评估技术水平的提高,对精准把握渔业资源现存量和制定合理有效的捕捞计划起到了重要的作用,同时也为海洋牧场和淡水大水面合理制定鱼类增殖放流计划提供了强有力的技术支撑和保障。本文在简述渔业资源声学评估发展历程和渔业资源声学技术的基础上,综述了近年来中国在渔业资源声学评估领域的研究现状,包括远洋、极地、陆架海域和淡水水域的渔业资源声学调查评估,相关重要经济鱼类目标强度,以及渔业资源空间统计分析等,并针对国内目前研究中存在的不足,提出无人平台声学调查技术和高性能声学装备研发,以及中国多鱼种声学散射目标库建设等未来重点研究方向,以期为中国渔业资源声学评估研究与技术应用提供科学参考。
The rapid development of China's modern aquaculture industry is based on the sustainable utilization of fisheries resources. In recent years, with the rapid improvement of the technical level of acoustic assessment of fisheries resources in China, it has played an important role in accurately grasping the stock of fisheries resources and formulating reasonable and effective fishing plans. At the same time, it also provides strong technical support and guarantee for the rational formulation of fish breeding and releasing plans for marine ranching and large-scale fish farming in freshwater. Based on a brief introduction of the evolution of development and processes in fisheries resources assessment by using the acoustic technology, the research status of fisheries resources acoustic assessment is reviewed in China in recent years. Finally, in view of the shortcomings in the current research of fisheries acoustics technology in China, the key research directions in future such as the development of acoustics survey technology on an unmanned platform, high-performance acoustic instruments, and construction the database of acoustic scattering characteristics for varies fish species in the offshore of China are proposed to provide scientific reference for the fisheries acoustic assessment research and technology application in China.
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