2023, 38(2): 284-290. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-240
关键词： 长额象鼻溞 , 聚苯乙烯微球 , 粒径 , 毒性效应 , 内禀增长率
Keywords： Bosmina longirostris , polystyrene microsphere , size , toxic effect , intrinsic increase rate
为探究微塑料对淡水生物的生物学毒性效应,选取淡水中常见的浮游动物长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)为试验动物,在实验室条件下研究了3种粒径(0.5、5、20 μm)的聚苯乙烯微球(PS)对长额象鼻溞存活、形态和繁殖的影响。结果表明:不同粒径的PS对长额象鼻溞的急性毒性均随时间的延长和浓度的增加而增大,各PS浓度组长额象鼻溞24 h致死率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.5、5、20 μm粒径的PS对长额象鼻溞的48 h LC50分别为21.65、19.26、47.61 mg/L;PS对长额象鼻溞母体和子代的形态影响显著,3种粒径PS组母体的体长、体高均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),而第一胎幼溞的体长、体高却变小,且显著小于对照组(P<0.05),随着繁殖代数的增加,PS的影响逐渐减弱,第二胎幼溞的体长与对照组已无显著性差异(P>0.05);PS可延长长额象鼻溞母体寿命,增加其总生殖量及缩短产前发育期,不同粒径PS组的内禀增长率均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),以0.5 μm粒径组最高,为(0.227 4±0.000 2)d-1。研究表明,PS对长额象鼻溞的存活、形态和繁殖均产生了影响,其毒性大小与粒径、浓度相关,本研究结果可为进一步研究微塑料对水生生物的毒性效应提供参考。
为探究微塑料对淡水生物的生物学毒性效应,选取淡水中常见的浮游动物长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)为试验动物,在实验室条件下研究了3种粒径(0.5、5、20 μm)的聚苯乙烯微球(PS)对长额象鼻溞存活、形态和繁殖的影响。结果表明:不同粒径的PS对长额象鼻溞的急性毒性均随时间的延长和浓度的增加而增大,各PS浓度组长额象鼻溞24 h致死率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.5、5、20 μm粒径的PS对长额象鼻溞的48 h LC50分别为21.65、19.26、47.61 mg/L;PS对长额象鼻溞母体和子代的形态影响显著,3种粒径PS组母体的体长、体高均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),而第一胎幼溞的体长、体高却变小,且显著小于对照组(P<0.05),随着繁殖代数的增加,PS的影响逐渐减弱,第二胎幼溞的体长与对照组已无显著性差异(P>0.05);PS可延长长额象鼻溞母体寿命,增加其总生殖量及缩短产前发育期,不同粒径PS组的内禀增长率均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),以0.5 μm粒径组最高,为(0.227 4±0.000 2)d-1。研究表明,PS对长额象鼻溞的存活、形态和繁殖均产生了影响,其毒性大小与粒径、浓度相关,本研究结果可为进一步研究微塑料对水生生物的毒性效应提供参考。
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