2023, 38(2): 331-339. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-188
关键词： 南极磷虾 , 拖网 , 形态 , 渔获量 , 水平扩张比
Keywords： Euphausia superba , trawl , shape , catch , horizontal opening ratio
为了解不同工况条件下的网具形态变化,以南极磷虾捕捞船"龙腾"轮采用的四片式拖网为研究对象,基于修正的田内准则制作1/35的模型网进行循环动水槽试验,考察流速(v)、水平扩张比(L/S)和渔获物对网具(整体形态、阻力和能耗系数)的影响。结果表明:拖网网口形状随流速、L/S的增大呈被"压缩"趋势,当L/S=0.35、v=30 cm/s时,网口形态最佳,网囊中有或无模拟渔获物时的网口形状变化情况相似;流速一定时,网口面积随L/S的增大而增大,L/S一定时,网口面积随流速的增大而减小,在低流速、高水平扩张比条件下,有模拟渔获物时的网口面积随流速、L/S改变而变化的程度较空网时更小;网身随流速、L/S的增大同样呈被"压缩"趋势,且L/S改变时的"压缩"程度较流速更大,有模拟渔获物时的网身末端上扬现象较空网时更明显,且网身长度较空网时明显增长;流速不变时,随L/S的增大,网具阻力增加,能耗系数减小,且二者的变化程度均呈减缓态势;而L/S不变时,随流速的增大,网具阻力和能耗系数均增大,有模拟渔获物时的网具阻力与能耗系数较空网时更大,且流速越大, 网具能耗系数与空网时的差异越大。研究表明,当L/S=0.35、v=3.0 kn时,可使网具以较佳作业性能运行。
为了解不同工况条件下的网具形态变化,以南极磷虾捕捞船"龙腾"轮采用的四片式拖网为研究对象,基于修正的田内准则制作1/35的模型网进行循环动水槽试验,考察流速(v)、水平扩张比(L/S)和渔获物对网具(整体形态、阻力和能耗系数)的影响。结果表明:拖网网口形状随流速、L/S的增大呈被"压缩"趋势,当L/S=0.35、v=30 cm/s时,网口形态最佳,网囊中有或无模拟渔获物时的网口形状变化情况相似;流速一定时,网口面积随L/S的增大而增大,L/S一定时,网口面积随流速的增大而减小,在低流速、高水平扩张比条件下,有模拟渔获物时的网口面积随流速、L/S改变而变化的程度较空网时更小;网身随流速、L/S的增大同样呈被"压缩"趋势,且L/S改变时的"压缩"程度较流速更大,有模拟渔获物时的网身末端上扬现象较空网时更明显,且网身长度较空网时明显增长;流速不变时,随L/S的增大,网具阻力增加,能耗系数减小,且二者的变化程度均呈减缓态势;而L/S不变时,随流速的增大,网具阻力和能耗系数均增大,有模拟渔获物时的网具阻力与能耗系数较空网时更大,且流速越大, 网具能耗系数与空网时的差异越大。研究表明,当L/S=0.35、v=3.0 kn时,可使网具以较佳作业性能运行。
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