2023, 38(2): 357-368. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-180
关键词： 西北太平洋 , 远东拟沙丁鱼 , 日本鲭 , 种群动态
Keywords： Northwest Pacific Ocean , Sardinops sagax , Scomber japonicus , stock dynamics
远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops sagax)和日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)是西北太平洋公海海域重要的经济鱼种,具有巨大的开发价值。二者的生活习性、栖息地分布等特点均较为相似,受多种中小尺度环境因素的影响,二者资源年间变动显著且存在协同变化的现象。本文从远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的生活史和栖息地特征出发,围绕小尺度环境因素(如海表面温度、海流、叶绿素等)和中尺度环境因素[如黑潮-亲潮(Kuroshio-Oyashio,KR-OY)、厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Niño-southern oscillation,ENSO)和太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific decadal oscillation,PDO)等],归纳总结了远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭与种群动态相关的生物学特征,对比分析了二者资源变动和栖息地变化对环境因素的响应机制。针对远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的基础生物学研究不足、二者种间关系不清晰及物种对海洋环境响应不明确等问题,提出未来应在两个物种基础生物学数据的采集、资源对气候变化生态的响应、资源与栖息地变化的联动机制,以及渔业资源量的变化对生态系统的影响等方面重点开展研究,以期为探究两个物种的种群动态变化特征及其资源开发和管理提供科学依据。
Japanese sardine (Sardinops sagax) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) as the economically important fish species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean have great exploitation value, and have relatively similar living habits, habitat distribution and other characteristics about life history. However, the two resources change significantly and alternately due to the influence of environmental factors. The biological characteristics related to population dynamics and habitats of the Japanese sardine and the chub mackerel were investigated by combination of small-scale environmental factors such as sea surface temperature, ocean current, chlorophyll-a, and medium-scale factors such as Kuroshio-Oyashio (KR-OY), El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) based on the relevant research data from China and other countries. At the same time, the differences in the biomass changes of Japanese sardine and the chub mackerel caused by environmental changes were described. In view of the three problems of insufficient basic biology research on Japanese sardine and the chub mackerel, unclear of relationship between the two species, and uncertain of species response to the marine environment, it is proposed to collect basic biological data to investigate the ecological response of resources to climate change, resources and habitats. The linkage mechanism of changes and the impact of changes in fishery resources on the ecosystem will be focused on four aspects, which provides scientific basis for understanding of the interspecific relationship between Japanese sardine and the chub mackerel and the development and management of the resources.
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