2023, 38(2): 259-266. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-163
关键词： 凡纳滨对虾 , 植酸酶 , 生长性能 , 消化率 , 抗氧化能力
Keywords： Litopenaeus vannamei , phytase , growth performance , digestibility , antioxidant capacity
为研究低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和免疫机能的影响,取平均体质量为0.43 g的健康虾苗360尾进行试验,将虾苗随机分成3个组,每组设置4个重复,分别投喂高鱼粉饲料(HF,鱼粉质量分数为25%,对照组)、低鱼粉饲料(LF,以植物蛋白为基础的混合蛋白替代15%的鱼粉蛋白)和添加质量分数为0.02%植酸酶(5 000 U/g)的低鱼粉饲料(LFP),养殖试验共进行8周,试验结束后测定对虾的生长性能、抗氧化能力、肠道形态及非特异性免疫指标。结果表明:LF组对虾的各项生长指标最差,低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后,LFP组对虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),存活率也有所提升;LF组的肠道皱襞高度和肌层厚度最低(P<0.05),添加植酸酶后这两个指标显著提升(P<0.05),并接近或达到高鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);LF组肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P<0.05),低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后这两个指标有所提升并接近高鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后,对虾肝胰腺糜蛋白酶基因chymotrypsin表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,本试验条件下,在以植物蛋白源为基础的低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶,能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾对营养物质的利用率,增强对虾抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫能力,在一定程度上缓解低鱼粉饲料对肠道的损伤,进而提高凡纳滨对虾生长性能和饲料利用率。
为研究低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和免疫机能的影响,取平均体质量为0.43 g的健康虾苗360尾进行试验,将虾苗随机分成3个组,每组设置4个重复,分别投喂高鱼粉饲料(HF,鱼粉质量分数为25%,对照组)、低鱼粉饲料(LF,以植物蛋白为基础的混合蛋白替代15%的鱼粉蛋白)和添加质量分数为0.02%植酸酶(5 000 U/g)的低鱼粉饲料(LFP),养殖试验共进行8周,试验结束后测定对虾的生长性能、抗氧化能力、肠道形态及非特异性免疫指标。结果表明:LF组对虾的各项生长指标最差,低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后,LFP组对虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),存活率也有所提升;LF组的肠道皱襞高度和肌层厚度最低(P<0.05),添加植酸酶后这两个指标显著提升(P<0.05),并接近或达到高鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);LF组肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低(P<0.05),低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后这两个指标有所提升并接近高鱼粉组水平(P>0.05);低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶后,对虾肝胰腺糜蛋白酶基因chymotrypsin表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,本试验条件下,在以植物蛋白源为基础的低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶,能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾对营养物质的利用率,增强对虾抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫能力,在一定程度上缓解低鱼粉饲料对肠道的损伤,进而提高凡纳滨对虾生长性能和饲料利用率。
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