2023, 38(2): 206-216. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2022-146
关键词： 暗纹东方鲀 , 主成分分析 , 当年鱼种 , 养殖效益
Keywords： Takifugu obscurus , principal component analysis , yearling culture , aquaculture benefit
为优化暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)当年鱼种养殖技术参数,完善配套养殖尾水处理系统(AWTS)功能,提高养殖综合效益,采用主成分分析法(PCA)分析了暗纹东方鲀当年鱼种单养模式叠加养殖尾水处理模式的养殖效益与水质状况。选取2018—2020年期间17口暗纹东方鲀当年鱼种养殖池塘(合计5.33 hm2)的8个养殖效益相关参数指标,提取3个主成分且涵盖养殖效益原始信息88.08%的信息量进行养殖效益综合分析,对4个水质参数指标,提取2个主成分且涵盖养殖尾水与养殖尾水处理系统排放水水质原始信息74.90%的信息量进行水质综合分析,结合水质标识指数法(IWQ)对综合水质状况进行评价。结果表明:暗纹东方鲀当年鱼种养殖效益重要程度依次为经济效益、生态效益;影响养殖效益的指标排序为产值>养殖周期>养殖密度>产值/投入>成活率>收获规格>饲料转化率>初始规格,技术参数指标重要性依次为养殖周期>养殖密度>成活率>收获规格>饲料转化率>初始规格,其中,养殖初始的技术参数(养殖周期、养殖密度和初始规格)控制的重要性大于养殖进程技术管理(成活率、收获规格和饲料转化率);养殖效益优秀组的综合水质状况明显差于良好组与普通组,早、中期(7—9月)各养殖池塘综合水质状况变差,优秀组尤为明显;养殖周期内,各养殖池塘主要污染物为总固体悬浮物。研究表明,暗纹东方鲀单养模式叠加养殖尾水处理模式,可有效解决养殖池塘产生养殖尾水的达标排放问题,养殖尾水处理系统对养殖效益优秀组与良好组的综合水质状况主要具有未显著改善的作用,可显著提高生态效益。
In order to optimize the aquaculture technical parameters in yearling obscure pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) culture, and to improve the supporting aquaculture wastewater treatment system functions, and comprehensive aquaculture benefits, the aquaculture benefits and water quality was analyzed in the yearling obscure culture in single rearing mode with a plants cultivating artificial aquaculture wastewater treatment system by principal component analysis (PCA). Eight parameters related to aquaculture benefits in 17 yearling obscure culture ponds (total area of 5.33 hm2) were selected to extract three principal components, covering 88.08% of the original information of aquaculture benefits, for comprehensive analysis. Four parameters related to water quality were selected to extract two principal components, covering 74.90% of the original water quality information on the aquaculture wastewater and the discharge water of the aquaculture wastewater treatment system, for comprehensive water quality analysis, combined with water quality identification index method (IWQ), to evaluate comprehensive water quality. The results showed that economic benefit and ecological benefit were shown to be the importance factors affecting aquaculture benefits in 17 yearling obscure pufferfish culture ponds. The indices that affect the comprehensive benefit were ranked as production value>culture cycle>culture density>production value/input>survival rate>harvesting size>feed conversion efficiency>initial size. The importance of technical parameters were ranked as culture cycle>culture density>survival rate>harvesting size>feed conversion efficiency>initial size. Thus, it was more important to regulation of technical parameters in initial aquaculture including culture cycle, culture density, and initial size than operation of the technical management of aquaculture process including survival rate, harvesting size, and feed conversion efficiency. There was significantly worse comprehensive water quality in the excellent group than that in the good group and the common group. The comprehensive water quality became worse in the early and middle period of culture cycle (from July to September) in each pond, especially the case in the excellent group, with the main pollutant total suspended solids (TSS) in each pond. The single rearing mode with a plants cultivating artificial aquaculture wastewater treatment system effectively solved the problem of standard discharge of wastewater generated in ponds. The aquacultural wastewater treatment system improved the comprehensive water quality in the excellent and good groups, without significantly in most instances, and can significantly improve the ecological benefit.
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