2021, 36(2): 280-288. doi: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2020-093
关键词： 鲑鳟鱼 , 外周血细胞 , 显微结构 , 超微结构 , 白点鲑 , 红点鲑 , 虹鳟
Keywords： salmon and trout , peripheral blood cell , microstructure , ultrastructure , Salvelinus malma , Salvelinus leucomaenis , Oncorhynchus mykiss
为研究鲑鳟鱼的血细胞形态学差异，采用光镜及电镜技术对白点鲑 Salvelinus malma（体质量49.07 g±12.05 g）、红点鲑Salvelinus leucomaenis（体质量83.23 g±15.07 g）、虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss（体质量60.12 g±11.86 g）和金鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss（体质量42.04 g±10.26 g） 4种鲑鳟鱼外周血细胞的组成、大小、显微及超微结构进行了研究。结果表明：4种鲑鳟鱼外周血细胞中可见红细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、血栓细胞及单核细胞，其中，红细胞占大多数，淋巴细胞数量仅次于红细胞，大淋巴细胞和嗜中性粒细胞密度在4种鲑鳟鱼中无显著性差异（P>0.05）；4种鲑鳟鱼的成熟红细胞形态结构相似，血栓细胞形态多样，其他种类白细胞形态结构相似，白细胞均以血栓细胞和淋巴细胞为主体；白点鲑血栓细胞最多，成群结队排列，红细胞数量也较多，红细胞长径和短径均最大，单核细胞中富含细胞器，嗜中性粒细胞分叶较多；红点鲑红细胞和淋巴细胞数量也较多；虹鳟红细胞密度最小，淋巴细胞最多，嗜中性粒细胞长径和短径最大；金鳟红细胞和白细胞密度最大，淋巴细胞和血栓细胞长径和短径最大。研究表明，4种鲑鳟鱼外周血细胞的显微和超微结构特征 与其他鱼类相似，但不同物种间血细胞数量和大小存在一定差异。
To probe into the differences in morphology and structure of blood cells in salmonids, microstructure and ultrastructure of peripheral blood cells were observed in four species of juvenile salmonids including Dolly varden Salvelinus malma with body mass of (49.07±12.05)g, Alpine charr Salvelinus leucomaenis with body mass of (83.23±15.07)g, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with body mass of (60.12±11.86)g and golden trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with body mass of (42.04±12.26)g by light and electron microscopy. The results showed that there were 5 cell types in the peripheral blood of four species of salmonids: erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocyte, neutrophils and thrombocytes, with most abundant erythrocytes, and followed by lymphocytes, without significant difference in densities of macro-lymphocyte and neutrophils (P>0.05). The four salmonid species had similar morphological structure in mature erythrocytes and diverse thrombus cells and other white blood cells were similar in morphological structure. The white blood cells were mainly composed of thrombus cells and lymphocytes, with the maximal thrombocytes arranged in groups in Dolly varden. There were a large number of erythrocytes, with the maximal long and short diameters in Dolly vardenis. Dolly varden had the monocytes, which were rich in organelles, and neutrophils with many segmented nuclei. Alpine charr also had more abundant erythrocytes and red lymphocytes. Rainbow trout had the minimal erythrocytes and the maximal lymphocytes, with the longest short diameter and long diameter in neutrophils. The maximal erythrocytes and white blood cells count, and the largest long and short diameters were observed in lymphocytes and thrombus cells of golden trout. The findings indicated that four salmonid species had similar microstructure and ultrastructure of the peripheral blood cells to other fish, with some differences in the number and size of blood cells between species.
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