2023, 44(5): 149-155. doi: 10.15928/j.1674-3075.202201130019
关键词： 养殖尾水 , 钝顶螺旋藻 , 牟氏角毛藻 , 盐藻 , 氮磷营养盐
Keywords： tail water of the intensive shrimp aquaculture system , Spirulina platensis , Chaetoceros muelleri , Dunaliella sp. , nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients
基于对虾生物絮团集约化养殖尾水含有高浓度硝态氮和磷酸盐的特征，比较分析钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）、牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros muelleri）、盐藻（Dunaliella sp.）3种微藻在配制尾水中的存活生长状况及其对无机氮磷的去除效果，以期筛选出适宜的微藻用于后续尾水净化技术。采用显微镜计数法测定藻细胞密度，国标法测定总无机氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和磷酸盐的含量。结果显示，钝顶螺旋藻在试验前后的藻细胞密度变化不大（P>0.05），约为3.32×106个/mL和5.88×106个/mL；牟氏角毛藻和盐藻细胞密度有明显增加（P<0.05），分别从初始的4.00×104个/mL和2.50×105个/mL升高至试验结束时的1.66×106个/mL和1.06×107个/mL。经过16 d试验，钝顶螺旋藻组对硝态氮和总无机氮去除率分别为79.60%和46.06%，显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），第8天时对磷酸盐的去除率可高达98.55%；牟氏角毛藻组16 d的磷酸盐去除率为98.25%，显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。研究表明，3种微藻均可在对虾养殖尾水环境中存活，且对尾水氮磷具有较好的净化效果。
Using tail waters from an intensive biofloc shrimp aquaculture system with high concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, we compared the growth of three microalgae species (Spirulina platensis, Chaetoceros muelleri, Dunaliella sp.) in the tail water and their removal of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Our aim was to provide data to support screening for and obtaining microalgae that are effective for tail water purification. Tail water collected from the shrimp aquaculture system were adjusted for testing to an N:P ratio of 13:1 after sterilization. Treatments with each algae species and a control group were run in triplicate, with initial microalgae concentrations of 3.32×106 cells/mL in the S. platensis group, 2.50×105 cells/mL in the Dunaliella sp. group and 4.00×104 cells/mL in the C. muelleri group. The test lasted for 16 days, and microalgae samples were collected before and after the test to determine changes in the cell density of each microalgae species by microscope counting. The removal of total inorganic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and phosphate in the tail water was analyzed by comparing the concentrations of each nutrient on day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 of the test, using national standard methods. The cell density of S. platensis did not change significantly during the experiment, remaining at ~3.32×106 cells/mL (P>0.05). The cell densities of Dunaliella sp. and C. muelleri increased significantly, from initial concentrations of 2.50×105 cells/mL and 4.00×104 cells/mL to final densities 1.06×107 cells/mL and 1.66×106 cells/mL (P<0.05). The removal rates of nitrate nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen in S. platensis treatment were respectively, 79.60% and 46.06%, significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05), and the highest removal rate (98.55%) of phosphate was on day 8. The removal rate of phosphate in C. muelleri treatment was 98.25% on day 16, significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the three microalgae species grew well in the tail water from intensive shrimp aquaculture, removal of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus was effective, and S. platensis was the best, overall, for the biological purification of tail water.
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