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摘要: 为了解巢湖鱼类群落结构与多样性现状，2017年7月至2018年12月，按季节对巢湖河口区、近岸浅水区、敞水区共计9个样点进行鱼类资源调查，分析鱼类群落结构与多样性特征。共采集鱼类52种，隶属于7目15科，其中鲤科鱼类物种数最多，占63.5%。与历史资料相比，本次调查未采集到鱼类43种，洄游性鱼类大幅较少，增加了外来鱼类须鳗虾虎鱼（Taenioides cirratus）。刀鲚（Coilia nasus）、太湖新银鱼（Neosalanx taihuensis）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）为优势种，鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）、蒙古鲌（Culter mongolicus）为重要种，似刺鳊（Paracanthobrama guichenoti）、鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）等22种鱼类均为偶见种。不同样点的指示物种差异明显，季节间和样点间鱼类群落组成均有一定程度的分离，样点间鱼类物种组成结构较季节间更加离散。鱼类多样性较低，各样点的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）、Simpson多样性指数（D）、Margalef丰富度指数（d）、Pielou均匀度指数（J）的变化幅度分别为0.56~1.09、0.25~0.57、1.45~3.82、0.19~0.32，2018年夏季各项多样性指数高于其他季节，杭埠河口、东湖浅水区域高于其它样点。研究结果补充了巢湖鱼类群落的基础数据，为巢湖鱼类资源保护与管理提供科学依据。
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关键词:
- 巢湖;鱼类;群落结构;生物多样性
Abstract: To understand the status of biodiversity and community structure of fish assemblage in the Chaohu Lake, fishes were seasonally sampled from July 2017 to December 2018. Sampling was conducted in 9 sites which covered the three main types of fish habitat (estuary, nearshore shallow water area and open water area) in Chaohu Lake. A total of 52 species of fish, belonging to 7 orders and 15 families were collected. Among them, Cyprinidae had the largest number of species, accounting for 63.5%. Compared with historical records, 43 fish species were not captured. A large part of river-sea migratory fishes and river-lake migratory fishes disappeared while the no-native species Taenioides cirratus was newly recorded. Coilia nasus, Neosalanx taihuensis,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis were recognized as the dominant species. Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Culter alburnus and Culter mongolicus were important species, and 22 species, including Paracanthobrama guichenoti and Siniperca chuatsi were rare species. The indicator species of different sampling sites were significantly different. Besides, significant variations of fish composition among sampling seasons and among sampling sites were detected, and fish composition among the sampling sites was more discrete than between the seasons. Analysis of the diversity index indicated that the richness, diversity and evenness of fish community were low. The range of Shannon-Wiener index (H') was 0.56-1.09, Simpson index (D) was 0.25-0.57, Margalef index (d) was 1.45-3.82 and Pielou index (J) was 0.19-0.32. On the temporal scale, the community diversity index in the summer 2018 was higher than that in other seasons. On the spatial scale, the Hangbu River estuary and the nearshore shallow water of east area showed higher community diversity index than other sampling sites. This study supplemented the basic data of fish community in Chaohu Lake and provided the scientific basis for fishery conservation and management. -
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