Current situation and development trend of science and technology in aquatic product processing and circulation industry of China
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摘要: 水产品加工流通是实现渔业高质量发展的关键环节，对保障水产品常年优质安全供应、助推国家“食物安全战略”和“健康中国战略”实施发挥了重要作用。新中国成立后，通过自主创新、技术引进与消化吸收，水产品加工流通科技持续进步，产业快速发展。形成了冷冻冷藏水产品、鱼糜制品、休闲食品、干制品、罐藏食品、海藻食品、水产饲料、生物制品加工等全世界最完善的水产加工体系和以批发市场为主体、电商等新型物流模式快速发展的水产品流通体系。本文分析了水产品在提供优质蛋白质和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸等必需营养素、平衡居民膳食结构、降低陆生动物性食物生产压力等方面的重要作用；系统总结了我国水产品加工流通产业科技发展现状、存在问题及发展方向；提出了“构建以消费引导加工、加工引领养殖的现代渔业产业体系，保障食物安全”、“构建水产品梯次加工利用技术体系，保障水产品安全优质供应”、“构建水产品功效成分的精准加工技术体系，助推建康中国战略实施”等保障我国水产品加工与流通产业高质量发展的新举措。Abstract: The processing and circulation of aquatic products is a key link in achieving high-quality development of fisheries, playing an important role in ensuring the high-quality and safe supply of aquatic products throughout the year, and promoting the implementation of the national "Food Safety Strategy" and "Healthy China Strategy". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the technology of aquatic product processing and circulation continued to progress, and the industry developed rapidly through independent innovation, technology introduction, digestion, and absorption. The world's most complete aquatic processing system was formed, including frozen and refrigerated aquatic products, fish mince products, leisure food, dried products, canned food, seaweed food, aquatic feed, and biological product processing, as well as a rapidly developing aquatic product circulation system with wholesale markets as the main body and e-commerce as new logistics model. This article analyzes the role of aquatic products in providing essential nutrients such as high-quality protein and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, balancing the dietary structure of residents and reducing the production pressure of terrestrial animal foods; it also systematically summarizes the current situation, existing problems, and development direction of China's aquatic product processing and circulation industry technology development. New measures have been proposed to ensure the high-quality development of China's aquatic product processing and circulation industry, such as “building a consumption guided processing, processing led aquaculture modern fishery industry system, ensuring food safety”, “ building a tiered processing and utilization technology system for aquatic products, ensuring the safe and high-quality supply of aquatic products”, “building a precise processing technology system for the functional components of aquatic products, and promoting the implementation of the healthy China strategy”.
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表 1 世界各国推荐的DHA与EPA饮食推荐摄入量
Table 1. Recommended dietary intakes of DHA and EPA by countries around the world
国家或组织
countries around the world年份
year推荐摄入量
recommended dietary intakes美国心脏协会
American Heart Association (AHA)2002 冠心病人摄入量：1 g/d 世界卫生组织
World Health Organition (WHO)2008 成年人摄入量：250~2000 mg/d 欧洲食品安全局
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)2010 成年人摄入量：250 mg/d
婴幼儿摄入量：100 mg/d
孕期及哺乳期妇女摄入量：100~200 mg/d中国营养学会
China Nutrition Society (CNS)2014
2016成年人摄入量：250~2 000 mg/d
婴幼儿摄入量：100 mg/d
孕妇：每周吃2~3次深海鱼
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